The study of comparative Gnosticism and the reflection of Iranian Gnosticism in other cultures provide a basis in which one can recognize the base of Eastern Gnosticism and beliefs and also the Christian Gnosticism which has borrowed a lot from Iranian culture. Most of these beliefs are taken from the Iranian mythic culture and tradition, Maanis religion, Zoroaster, Islam and the views of shahab AL-Din Sohrevardi. The writer finally shows some similarities between a story written by Sohrevardi and the story of Geraol from the western literature.

Objective: To achieve high levels of health, identifying the nature of health and also the factors affecting it have the most important role. If the factors threatening health and their importance are not identified, the measures taken to promote the health of the individual and society will be taken in an atmosphere of doubt. On the other hand, the limited resources of some countries (especially poor and needy countries) have been allocated over the years in a way that has only resulted in reduced health and increased mortality. Thus, such questions have always been asked by economists and policymakers: what factors can affect the level of life expectancy? And what is the role of the financial structure in this regard? Economists and policymakers have paid close attention to finding the optimal method and mechanism for promoting public health, and in recent years these efforts have had valuable effects on human health and well-being in many parts of the world. The level of increased life expectancy depends on how countries invest in improving social indicators such as health, education, retirement plans, health programs, food facilities, and improving the environment. The health status of people in the community is one of the things that health policy makers are always looking to improve. Life expectancy index is one of the components that shows the extent to which countries have achieved the goals of the health sector. The life expectancy variable is affected by several economic and social factors. In this regard, the present study intends to study the effect of factors affecting life expectancy with emphasis on financial structure. Methods: Financial structure has important effects on life expectancy. These effects have been positive in some studies and negative in others. However, it is not possible to comment from the outset on the effects of financial structure on life expectancy. So the question is, what effect has the financial structure had on life expectancy in selected countries? To answer this question, the present study tries to use the combined data method to determine the effect of financial structure on life expectancy in selected Islamic countries (including: Iran, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Pakistan, Qatar, Oman, Bahrain, UAE). Study the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iraq, Jordan and Malaysia). In this research, data and information of selected countries in the period 2000-2020 have been extracted from the World Bank database and the research model has been estimated using the Cup-FM method. Although several methods have been proposed to examine the panel co-integration relationship between variables, most of these methods only discuss the existence or absence of the relationship and do not provide information about the co-integration vector. To address this shortcoming, several methods have been proposed, including the Cup-FM method. Bai and Cao (2006) proposed the Cup-FM method, which uses a factor structure to determine the source of the cross-sectional dependence and presents the aggregate vector. This method calculates the coefficient vector coefficients by estimating the parameters and the long-term covariance matrix and the factor loads in reverse. This estimator, like the FMOLS estimator, is resistant to successive autocorrelation bias and endogenous bias, and in addition, is indifferent to the meaning and anonymity of the explanatory variables. In this study, based on research experiences to investigate the effects of financial structure on life expectancy, the regression model used in Chireshe (2018) research has been modeled, so the model used in the leading research is as follows: 𝑙 𝑛 𝐿 𝐸 𝑖 𝑡 = 𝛼 + 𝛽 1𝑙 𝑛 𝐻 𝐸 𝑋 𝑃 𝑖 𝑡 + 𝛽 2𝑙 𝑛 𝐹 𝑆 𝑖 𝑡 + 𝛽 3𝑙 𝑛 𝐺 𝐷 𝑃 𝑖 𝑡 + 𝛽 4𝑙 𝑛 𝐸 𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑈 𝑖 𝑡 Where LEit is life expectancy at birth, FSit is a variable of financial structure (loans to the private sector by the banking system as a percentage of GDP), Eit is energy consumption (kg equivalent of crude oil), PGDPit is GDP per capita and HEXPit is health expenditure ( Percent of GDP). Uit is also a regression disorder about which the classical assumptions are true. All data related to the model variables can be extracted from the World Bank database and the research model estimation method in this article is the data panel method. Results: According to the research results, the effect of GDP growth at a fixed price on life expectancy is positive and indicates that with increasing economic growth, people have been able to invest more in education, improve their nutritional conditions and health facilities. Better and use more. Hence, GDP growth has a positive effect on people's life expectancy. This effect is statistically significant at the significance level of 5%. The effect of credit granted to the private sector by the banking system as a percentage of GDP on life expectancy is positive and these effects are statistically significant at the level of 5%. Because people, especially lowincome or middle-income people, have been able to use bank credits and improve their economic activities by improving the financial system. This in turn can increase the use of educational and health services by these people and increase their quality of life and life expectancy. In contrast, the effect of energy consumption on life expectancy at birth is negative and this effect is statistically significant at the level of 5%. Because energy consumption, especially in recent years, causes more greenhouse gas emissions and environmental pollution, which can have a negative impact on health and life expectancy. Also, the effect of health expenditures (as a percentage of GDP) on life expectancy is positive and this effect is statistically significant at the level of 5%. Because high health expenditures lead to more and better health and medical services in the country and increase people's life expectancy. Conclusion: According to the research results, to achieve superior health status, the development of financial structure should be part of health policies and strategies in countries, and the goal of policies should be to deepen and expand the financial sector to ensure inclusive financial development.

Aim: The aim of this investigation was to reveal the biomechanical changes of mandible during chin cup therapy using the finite element method.Material and Method: A three dimensional elemented model of mandible was reconstructed from a young human skull by means of a well developed software. The mandible was supposed to be fixed at the superior surface of glenoid fossa of the computerized model to determine the boundary of forces applied by chin cup. Two forces of 400 and 900 grams were applied to the pogonion of the mandible in relation to the line connecting pogonion to the condyle. Stress distribution was analysed from the loads and direction of displacement of mandible.Results: Compressive stress was clearly present in pogonion and anterior border of ramus, particularly in the junction with the body of mandible. The distribution of stress was also present in the whole body of the mandible, ramus and surface of condyle, although it was greater in anterior portion of the condyle and it's neck. Tensile stress was present in the inferior border of the body of mandible and posterior border of the ramus, specially near the condyle neck.Conclusion: The mandibular displacement was determined to be at upward and backward directions.

Introduction: In some special situations during the revision total hip arthroplasty with well fixed، well oriented acetabular cementless cup، orthopedic surgeons may prefer to retain the well-fixed cementless cup. The aim of this study was to report the follow-up of some cases treated with such a technique during a 10-year period. Methods: During 2004-2014، all cases of revision total hip surgery performed in Sina Hospital، Tehran، Iran were evaluated. 14 of 82 cases (16. 5%) had cemented polyethylene liner in cementless metal shell. The demographic data، reasons for use of such revision technique result was evaluated by Harris Hip Score. Results: The most common reason was osteolysis (64%)، and the most common cause was impaired locking mechanism (65%). There were few complications (one osteolysis and one infection). In five cases (36%) constrained liner was added and in 10 cases (72%) allograft was needed. The final Harris Hip Scores was good or excellent in 78%. Only one dislocation was seen. Conclusion: Cemented cup in cementless shell can be used in revision hip arthroplasty in well-fixed Acetabular shell situations with acceptable outcom.

Menstrual hygiene management, especially in resource-limited settings, is challenging. The acceptability of the menstrual cup is increasing recently in western countries whereas, in developing countries like India, the awareness, acceptability, and use of menstrual cups are very limited. We assessed the effectiveness of Modified pre-post-test teaching-learning methodology in an online webinar series on menstrual cups using Moore's outcome assessment. An online webinar series on menstrual hygiene and the menstrual cup was conducted to raise awareness about the usage of menstrual cups among the health care workers like Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANMs), Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHAs), and Anganwadi Workers (AWWs) of the Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, India. The questions of Modified pre-and post-test were displayed. The questions were displayed to participants using the polling option in zoom. A total of 1597 health care workers participated in the menstrual cup webinar series. Of the total, 72. 7% of participants responded to the job title question of which ASHA, ANMs, and AWWs were 16. 8%, 34. 2%, and 41. 9%, respectively. The baseline knowledge of menstrual cups among primary health care workers for “heard of the menstrual cup” and “ever used/know anyone using menstrual cup” was 36. 89% and 11. 67%, respectively. After the webinar among the primary health care workers, the maximum gain in knowledge was seen for “menstrual cup can be cleaned in the home, ” 94. 53%, and the minimum gain in knowledge was on “unmarried girls can use menstrual cups, ” 50. 42%. The Modified pre-and post-test model predicted an overall 50 percent rise in the knowledge of primary health care workers by the webinar series about a different aspect of the menstrual cup. As online webinar providers aim to provide more performance-based learning activities, current approaches to continuing medical education may become obsolete. The single most essential shift in online webinar planners can make is to incorporate Modified pre-and post-test to allow for interactive and formative assessment during webinar activities.

Dear Editor, Suction devices are used to produce blisters for epidermal grafting over the vitiliginous patch and achieve a good cosmetic result, but the process takes 1 to 3 hrs11-3. To hasten the suction process, heat and normal saline intralesional injection can be given over the site,the blister formation takes about 1 hour using a Modified disposable syringe with a small disposable syringe cup and a threeway cannula 4, 5. However, the cup suction device is small and more stable than the syringe device, and it is easier to create negative pressure in the suction cup. Considering the advantages of the small three-way cannula-cup device over longer suction devices, a set of small cups of various radii can be used to produce suction blisters...

Background and Aim: Chin cup is an orthopedic appliance for treating growing skeletally Cl III patients.The amount of chin forward movement in addition to morphologic changes in bony structure, determines the final profile of treated patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of morphologic changes of symphysis after chin cup therapy in skeletally Cl III patients.Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, twenty eight cephalometries before and after chin cup therapy of 14 skeletally Cl III patients were analyzed. Landmarks introduced by Ricketts were determined to evaluate the symphysis and describe its relation to mandible. Also four additional measurements regarding the symphysis individually were evaluated and analyzed. Data were analyzed by paired t and pearson tests with P<0.05 as the level of significance.Results: The results showed that the height of symphysis increased after treatment (P=0.02), but its depth decreased (P=0.04). The sysmphysis turned down and back.Conclusion: These findings suggest that in Cl III malocclusions with a prognathic mandible, chin cup therapy creates changes in the horizontal dimension of symphysis morphology, which improves the Cl III profile. If the patient isn’t a vertical grower, vertical changes of symphysis would be desirable. In addition, changes in the vertical dimension of the mandible (body and ramus) could be observed as a backward and downward rotation.

Income distribution and its deteminants are considered by policymakers and governments. Empirical evidence shows that this inequality reduces in expansion periods and increases in periods of recession. In this context, the main objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of business cycles on income inequality in developing and Islamic countries of the Group Eight (D8) during the period 1990-2012. For this purpose, a model has been designed based on the Kuznets hypothesis and with the presence of fundamental variables affecting income inequality with the business cycles variable. Extraction and characterization of the business cycle is performed by Cristiano Fitzgerald Band-pass filter (CF) (2003). Due to the cross-sectional dependence between the variables the model used the Panel Cointegration with cross-sectional dependence analysis and finally the long-run relationship between the variables is measured by Continuously-updated and Fully-Modified method (Cup-FM) (Provided by Bai et al (2009)). The results show the negative impact of business cycles on income inequality in D8 countries, s. According to other results, Kuznets hypothesis cannot be rejected for the D8 countries' economies. The share of government spending in GDP have equalizer effect and tax revenue share of GDP and inflation has been the unequalizer effect in income distribution for these countries.